Editor's note:
Since its establishment, the new transport think tank alliance has promoted the implementation of major strategies such as the construction of a transportation power, actively offered suggestions and suggestions, and played the role of a "think tank" to promote scientific decision-making and improve decision-making level. This issue of "voice of transportation think tank" continues to select expert views. Please pay attention to them. The article in this column only represents the author's own point of view.
Suggestions on building a new generation of inland river shipping system
Yan Xinping, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering
Inland river shipping is an important part of the comprehensive transportation system and the comprehensive utilization of water resources. It plays an important role in promoting the economic development of the river basin, optimizing the industrial layout and serving the opening to the outside world. It has the advantages of strong adaptability of goods, large transportation volume of unit carriers, low logistics cost per unit quality, low energy consumption and low pollution. However, the overall layout of the transportation network is unreasonable, The application of scientific and technological innovation is insufficient, and the level of intensive utilization of resources and system toughness need to be improved.
Combined with the green, intelligent and resilient development trend of waterway transportation in the future, and taking the outline of building a transportation power and the outline of national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network planning as the development objectives, this paper puts forward the concept and development suggestions of a new generation of inland river shipping system, and puts forward innovative ideas for the innovation and integrated application of inland river transportation technology.
1、 The necessity of building a new generation of inland shipping system
China is rich in inland water transport resources. In recent years, the development trend of large-scale, standardization and specialization of inland ships is obvious, and the construction of high-grade inland waterway has achieved remarkable results, forming a "two horizontal, one vertical, two networks and 18 lines" shipping network. However, there are still insufficient effective supply of infrastructure, low development quality of transportation equipment, low efficiency and benefit of transportation organization and service, insufficient market intensification level Imperfect shipping safety system and low investment in scientific and technological innovation are still the "short board" of the comprehensive transportation system.
Worldwide, taking the development of intelligent ships as an opportunity to strengthen the remote driving technology based on ship shore cooperation and mobile communication support, and develop a new generation of intelligent, green and resilient shipping system has become the consensus of all countries. It is the hot spot of international shipping science and technology development and the forefront of competition.
In September 2019, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the outline for building a transportation power, which clearly pointed out the need to develop a new generation of intelligent traffic management system, strengthen the research and development of shipping safety control and emergency search and rescue technology based on ship shore coordination, create a green and efficient modern logistics system, and promote the orderly transfer of bulk cargo and medium and long-distance cargo transportation to railway and water transportation. Therefore, the development of a new generation of inland navigation system is an important task of waterway transportation in the future.
The construction of a new generation of inland waterway shipping system and the cultivation of a new shipping organization model and new business format of "shore based driving control supplemented by ship end duty" are important for deepening the collaborative integration of transportation and related industries, improving the service quality of passenger and freight transportation, building a green, intelligent, safe and efficient modern shipping logistics system and giving full play to the advantages of inland waterway shipping, It is of great significance to connect the construction of transportation power and the construction of national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network, and support the construction of modern economic system and socialist modern power.
2、 Composition of a new generation of inland river shipping system
（1） General idea.
The new generation of inland river shipping system is a new waterway transportation system that realizes the integration, self consistency and sharing of traditional shipping unit elements by using high and new technology.
In the constantly improving ship shore coordination environment, the human factors of traditional shipping will continue to weaken, the ship ship, ship shore and shore shore coupling will be enhanced, and the perception, cognition, decision-making and control subject of the system will gradually change from the driver (operator) to the man-machine integration system. The operation and maintenance is controlled by the crew (operator) and evolved into man-machine driving. It will experience four characteristic stages: enhanced driving, assisted driving, intelligent navigation and autonomous navigation. The operation place will be moved from the ship and other carrying equipment to the shore based driving control center, from passive traffic response and optimization to active traffic management and intelligent service.
（2） Element composition.
The new generation of inland waterway shipping system is composed of green intelligent ships, shipping infrastructure, shore based centralized control system and shipping operation services. Ships, ports and waterways are physically dispersed, but information is interconnected and shared.
Green intelligent ship: including navigation brain system, green power system, marine electromechanical equipment, communication and navigation unit, ship health operation and maintenance, etc. The green power system includes ships in canals, reservoir areas, lakes and other waters, and adopts the forms of pure battery power, fuel cell power and shore based power supply; The Yangtze River, Xijiang River and other trunk ships will adopt low-carbon energy power system in the near future and zero carbon energy (ammonia or hydrogen) power system in the future.
Shipping infrastructure: including electronic channel map, holographic navigation aids, data transmission communication network, port automation equipment and marine energy distribution system.
Shore based centralized control system: including integrated centralized control center, shore based communication facilities, remote driving control system and mobile service terminal. The command issuing terminal of the new generation shipping system realizes the driving control of ships in flight by the shore based driving control center, supervises the whole process of shipping, and switches to the operation of the on duty crew at the ship end in case of emergency. The ship owner and maritime regulatory authority can monitor and obtain information in real time on the mobile terminal or third-party platform.
Shipping operation service: an open, shared and collaborative waterway traffic management and service system / platform, which supports personalized customization, provides flexible operation services, and integrates the functions of shipping situation prediction, navigation risk assessment, logistics organization and dispatching and water emergency rescue.
3、 Policy recommendations
（1） Set up a special project for the innovation of inland river "new generation shipping system".
Promote the construction of "new generation shipping system" in inland rivers, and realize a new business form of inland river ship operation with "shore based driving control as the main and ship end duty as the auxiliary". Build the top-level structure of the "new generation shipping system" of inland rivers, form the overall planning scheme of the new generation shipping innovation project, and clarify the development path and key tasks of the new generation shipping technology and equipment of inland rivers; It is suggested to set up a special technical innovation and scientific research project of "new generation shipping system" in the Gan Yue canal project, so as to provide technical guarantee for promoting the high-quality construction of the Gan Yue canal project.
（2） Accelerate the research and development of ship shore collaborative green intelligent ship equipment applicable to the "new generation shipping system".
To meet the needs of green ecological development, reducing shipping costs, reducing ship Manning and improving navigation safety, encourage the standardization of inland shipping industry, and carry out the research and development of key technologies, core components and equipment systems of inland "new generation shipping system". It is suggested to select key areas and segments for the Yangtze River, Pearl River and canal water systems, Promote the demonstration application of ship shore collaborative green intelligent ship equipment.
（3） Establish the working mechanism of the Inland River "new generation shipping system" innovation project.
Under the linkage and coordination of ministries and commissions such as the Ministry of transport and the Ministry of industry and information technology, an inland river "new generation shipping system" innovation project cooperation group led by industry directors and coordinated by local governments was established to form a working mechanism of "central local linkage and inter ministerial cooperation". Establish policies such as green and clean energy power and energy consumption subsidies and waste recycling incentives for inland ships. Combined with the high-quality development policies of the Yangtze River economic belt, it is suggested to implement capital policy support measures such as special science and technology fund, interest discount loan, tax reduction and post subsidy, and encourage the entry of social capital, so as to provide financial guarantee for promoting the innovation project of a new generation of inland shipping system.
News source: China water transport news release time: October 8, 2021
Market trends please pay attention to official account.
